Understanding Genital Warts and Their Treatment Options

Genital warts are small, non-cancerous growths resulting from an infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV).
Though they may resolve on their own in some cases, treatment is often sought for symptomatic relief or cosmetic reasons.

Recognizing Genital Warts

These warts appear as skin-colored or gray growths and may develop in clusters. While around 20% of cases resolve spontaneously,
anyone experiencing symptoms should consult a healthcare provider, particularly if warts occur in the anal or vaginal areas.

Available Treatment Methods

Treatment options for genital warts vary and may include topical medications, cryotherapy, laser treatments, injections, and surgical procedures.

1. Topical Treatments

Your doctor may prescribe topical creams specifically formulated for genital warts. Common examples include:

• Aldara (Imiquimod)
• Condylox (Podophyllotoxin)
• Veregen (Sinecatechins)

These treatments generally require consistent application over several weeks and may cause irritation or discomfort.
It’s important not to use over-the-counter wart treatments designed for hands or feet on genital areas.

2. Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy involves applying liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy wart tissue.
This method often requires multiple sessions for complete effectiveness, with reported success rates of up to 94% in some studies.
Patients should be aware that this procedure can be painful.

3. Laser Treatments

Laser therapy uses concentrated beams of light to target and eliminate genital warts.
This option is usually reserved for cases where other treatments have failed or when warts are extensive.
Healing may take up to four weeks, during which sexual activity is generally discouraged.

4. Interferon Injections

Interferon injections support the immune system in combating HPV. Administered three times a week for up to 16 weeks,
this method targets the virus more broadly but requires self-injection, which may not be suitable for everyone.
Pregnant individuals should avoid this treatment due to potential risks.

5. Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)

TCA is an acid applied weekly by a healthcare professional to eliminate wart tissue.
This treatment may induce burning or pain but is considered safe for pregnant patients.

6. Surgical Removal

Surgical excision involves cutting out wart tissue and is typically recommended for significant clusters of warts.
This procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis and may involve local anesthesia.

Self-Care Strategies

Many individuals find management of genital warts possible with simple self-care methods:

• Keep the area dry and air-dried after bathing.
• Avoid shaving near warts to prevent injury.
• Use only prescribed treatments for genital warts.
• Practice safe sex with condom use to minimize HPV transmission.

Genital Warts and Pregnancy

Generally, genital warts do not pose significant risks during pregnancy, though they may become more pronounced due to hormonal changes.
In rare cases, HPV may be transmitted to the baby, but medical intervention can assist in recovery.
Treatment for pregnant individuals is often postponed until after childbirth, as warts frequently resolve within six weeks post-delivery.

Preventing Transmission

While treating genital warts reduces the likelihood of passing HPV to sexual partners, individuals must remain vigilant.
Even if warts have disappeared, the risk of transmission persists. Condom use during sexual activity provides protection, and vaccination can significantly
reduce the risk of HPV infection.

Conclusion

There are multiple avenues to manage genital warts, although no cure exists for HPV itself. Options such as topical treatments, cryotherapy, and surgical methods can alleviate symptoms and help minimize transmission risks.
Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial to determine the best treatment strategy, especially for those who are pregnant.