Unveiling an Ancient Artifact

Recent archaeological findings in southern Russia have unveiled the oldest-known bone spear in Europe, dating back between 70,000 and 80,000 years. This significant discovery was reported in the Journal of Archaeological Science.

The Location of Discovery

The bone spear was excavated within the Mezmaiskaya Cave, nestled in the Caucasus Mountains. This site has emerged as a focal point for reevaluating the capabilities and innovations of Neanderthals, suggesting they were not merely imitative but skilled creators in their own right.

Details of the Artifact

The spear, measuring approximately 3.5 inches in length and 0.5 inches in width, was found embedded in sediment alongside a collection of herbivore teeth from the same era. Analysis indicates that its design was optimized for use as a projectile, rather than a close-combat weapon.

Researchers speculate that the spear was crafted from the bone of a bison’s leg and was meticulously polished with stone tools before being subjected to fire treatment.

Design and Usage Insights

According to the researchers, “To be an effective hunting weapon, the bone point does not need to have a sharply pointed (needle-like) distal end (in contrast to bone awls), but it needs to have a strong, conical tip, symmetrical outlines, and a straight profile.”

Evidence suggests the bone spear had been used in hunting, showing microfractures consistent with striking hard targets at force. Further examination revealed signs of wear suggesting the spear was important enough to its user that attempts were made to repair it.

Implications for Neanderthal Understanding

This find not only showcases a remarkable artifact but also challenges long-held perceptions of Neanderthals. Rather than being viewed solely as primitive ancestors of modern humans, this discovery positions them as innovative survivors, capable of creating their own tools and strategies for survival.